Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors have been increasingly popular in a wide spectrum of applications due to their unique advantages. These bioreactors offer {highproductivity, excellent mass transfer, and efficient mixing capabilities. A key characteristic of hollow fiber membrane bioreact

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are gaining popularity in wastewater treatment due to their ability to produce high-quality effluent. A key factor influencing MBR performance is the selection and optimization of the membrane module. The structure of the module, including the type of membrane mat